Monday, August 12, 2013

Short Takes| Someone needs to take the Twitter keys away from the @AlaskaDemocrats until they learn how to drive ...

The @AlaskaDemocrats are tweeting again.  It is clear that they didn't take my prior advice and go hire an economist.  It is going from bad to worse.

This time they are trying to make the case that -- in their prior incarnation as the Bi-Partisan Majority -- they deserve credit because some of the years during the time the majority ruled the Senate, they saved some money.  The problem is they didn't save nearly enough and, soon after saving even the amount they did, have started spending it away.

Understanding Alaska fiscal issues requires first understanding one fundamental point.  The revenue stream that Alaska is receiving today is being used to fund both the current generation and future ones.  That is because, unlike the remainder of the states, Alaska does not use any renewable sources of state revenue -- such as property, sales or income taxes -- to fund state government.  Instead, Alaska relies almost entirely on oil revenues.

As a result, until we find more, rational leaders must assume that the oil revenue stream we are receiving today and forecasting for tomorrow is all that there is going to be.  And unless they want to consign future generations to less revenue than the current generation is taking for itself, the current generation needs to set aside a portion of the current stream in savings for future generations.  To the extent we don't do that, the current generation is stealing from tomorrow's Alaskans, just as surely as most feel the federal government is doing the same by loading up on debt today that tomorrow's Americans will be required to pay.  We are leaving future generations with less revenue on which to operate than we grabbed for ourselves as it was going through our fingers.

Recently, the University of Alaska-Anchorage Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER) calculated the amount that current Alaskans need to save -- and spend -- if we are to treat future Alaskans fairly.  The key number is $5.5 billion.  If current Alaskans restrain their spending to that level, there will be enough left over to put into savings, so that the income stream available to future Alaskans is the same (adjusted for inflation) as that available to current Alaskans.  In short, if current Alaskans spend no more than $5.5 billion, then future Alaskans will have the same amount for themselves.

As current Alaskans spend more, however, we are leaving future Alaskans with less.  If current Alaskans spend $6 billion instead of $5.5 billion, for example, at some point future Alaskans will have only $5 billion available to spend instead of $5.5 billion.  The higher the current spending levels, the lower the revenue levels available to future Alaskans.  Current Alaskans may have astro-turfed football stadiums to show for it, but not only will future Alaskans not have the money required to maintain the fields, they won't even be able to afford the coaches (or for that matter, teachers).

That is the fundamental point the @AlaskaDemocrats are missing.  They claim that the Bi-Partisan Majority did an excellent job managing state finances, yet it is that very body that approved spending $7.9 billion in the recently completed fiscal year.  That is $2.4 billion (40%) above sustainable levels; in turn, that is any number of fewer teachers, road repairs and covered health costs in 2025 as a result.

Guys (and gals), it isn't enough to "balance" current spending with revenue.  A calculable portion of that revenue needs to be set aside for future generations so that they can have the same amounts available for spending we are providing ourselves.  When you spend it all (achieve a "balanced budget"), you fail future generations.  When you don't save their proportionate share (and you haven't), you fail future generations.

I grew up from a fiscal policy standpoint in Bill Clinton's Arkansas and while Bill Clinton was President.  Say what you want about him on other issues (and I may join you some of the time), but on fiscal issues in both locations he was responsible, future minded and solid thinking.  He took it to heart when James Carville told him "its the economy, stupid."  The @AlaskaDemocrats need to find someone, and fast, that shares that understanding.

Today's tweets ...

@AlaskaDemocrats @arogers907 Revenue and spending grew but revenue outpaced spending, so we saved money. Now we need a balanced approach addressing both.

@bgkeithley #AKfiscal Wrong. Spent above sustainable levels "@AlaskaDemocrats: Revenue and spending grew but ... we saved money."

@AlaskaDemocrats @bgkeithley So balanced budgets aren't "sustainable?" Let's use math, not theology to make budgetary decisions.

@bgkeithley #AKfiscal Good lord, you still haven't read Goldsmith. Take a tweet off and do it @AlaskaDemocrats So balanced budgets aren't "sustainable?"

@AlaskaDemocrats @bgkeithley Read it long before you suggested it. We'll take $15 billion in savings over abstract targets and promises any day.

@bgkeithley #AKfiscal Which explains why a fiscal crisis is coming up fast @AlaskaDemocrats: We'll take [some past] savings over targets and promises

"Targets" are what will save future Alaskans.  Some savings -- less than the proportionate share due future generations -- won't.  Unsustainable spending -- which draws down even the deficient savings that did occur -- won't.  Someone needs to take the Twitter keys away from the @AlaskaDemocrats until they learn how to drive.

Friday, August 9, 2013

Short Takes| Shannyn Moore has left the building ...

Twitter is a an interesting medium.  Users are limited to messages of 140 characters or less, so it places an emphasis on short, pithy (neither of which I am very good at) messages.  But it is a good way to follow certain events.  I followed it closely during the last legislative session, for example, when various legislative beat reporters and others used the medium to keep readers informed of the points being made during various debates, hearings coming up, stories being published and other such events.

Recently, those supporting the repeal of SB 21 -- such as the "Alaska Democrats" and others -- have taken to the medium to hi-lite their spin on various events.  My guess is because the legislative beat reporters use the medium as well, those opposing SB 21 think of the medium as a good way of keeping their spin in front of the reporters.

Yesterday, for example, the "Alaska Democrats" used it to tout a press release they had issued during the day blaming the state budget deficits on "the Parnell/Treadwell Oil Giveaway."  That's wrong on the substance, of course.  SB 21 hasn't even taken effect yet, but the budget deficits have -- under ACES.  In fact, the deficits are the direct result of the record levels of spending started during the so-called "Bi Partisan Majority" era and, for reasons beyond me, that are continuing under the current legislature as well.  But that's a story for other times.

This blurb is about Shannyn Moore.  A few days ago she posted a question -- generally to the world I supposed -- I responded and we engaged in an exchange.  The string went like this:

Shannyn Moore ‏@shannynmoore2 Aug
gov race : Bill Walker/Bill Wielechowski - independent ticket?

Brad Keithley ‏@bgkeithley2 Aug
Parnell's dream, vote doesn't split : gov race : Bill Walker/Bill Wielechowski - independent ticket?

Shannyn Moore ‏@shannynmoore2 Aug
said a guy from Texas...

We are all from someplace, I was born in Illinois, but still, Parnell's dream : said a guy from Texas...

I have never solicited your opinion. I have good reasons.



[BGK Comment: Actually that part is wrong. A few years ago Shannyn's producer called to ask me to appear on her then-TV show to discuss a recent fact-finding trip I and others had made to Norway. I had watched the show before.  I declined the invitation.]


Hahaha, that's ok, I won't charge you for them : I have never solicited your opinion.

Shannyn Moore ‏@shannynmoore2 Aug
and I am from here. I am this place.

And Wielechowski from NJ, French from Mass and Hickel from Kansas. So? : and I am from here.

You are boring. Really boring.

So, ignore me then, like you do others : You are boring. Really boring.


The exchange ended there.

This morning as I was checking in on the latest posts I noticed that Shannyn appeared not to have posted anything recently on the subjects I follow -- Alaska oil, politics, fiscal issues -- which is unusual, so I went to her page to see if that was the case and found that I was no longer "following" her, so that her posts didn't appear in my feed. Thinking, as usual, that I had just clicked the wrong button here or there I clicked on "follow" to pick up her posts again.

That's when I learned what had happened.


"You have been blocked from following this account at the request of the user."  I suppose she took the "ignore me" suggestion a little more literally than I intended.

Oh well, I suppose she concluded I was beyond education ... or maybe it was that my responses were interfering with her storyline.  In any event, Shannyn has left the building; she will be missed ....

Wednesday, August 7, 2013

The @AlaskaDemocrats' talking points need a lot of work ...

As the SB 21 debate matures we should expect both sides to start ramping up their talking points.  I ran into some from the @AlaskaDemocrats over the last few days on twitter.  If those points are indicative of the level of analysis the party intends to put into the effort, this is going to be a low quality debate.

Keep in mind when reading the following string that crude prices averaged in the $40's from 2000 - 2007, when ACES was enacted, and since then have averaged in the $90's, more than double.  Following price, industry activity was slow earlier in the decade, and then started to ramp up in the mid-2000's.  It wasn't until 2009, for example, that the New York Times led with the headline "Oil Industry Sets a Brisk Pace of New Discoveries."

As the following discussion demonstrates, the Alaska Democrats apparently think that the proper method of assessing the success of ACES is by comparing various measures of Alaska activity from the latter half of the decade, once ACES was enacted, against the first half.  Its not.  The proper method is to assess whether Alaska activity kept pace in the latter half of the decade with the increase the industry experienced overall.  It didn't.  As I said in a 2009 commentary on the situation -- the very first post on these pages -- "[t]o put it bluntly, for the past several years, Alaska’s exploration signals to the industry have said 'go elsewhere'.”

At the end of the string, the Alaska Democrats also make the argument that current levels of profitability "are the most accurate measure" of competitiveness.  They aren't.  Current levels of profitability are a scorecard which measure the results of past investments.  The competitiveness of future investments are determined based on forward looking assessments of required new investment levels, anticipated revenues and costs.  Those factors aren't incorporated at all in quarterly or annual profit statements.  Instead, quarterly and annual earnings statements are, in essence, history books.

Clearly the Alaska D's need to add someone actually familiar with oil economics to their team.  That will severely reduce the number of arguments they raise, but will lead to a higher quality debate.  Otherwise, its going to be a long, long year from their side with very little of substance to show for it.

Here is the string:

@AlaskaDemocrats:  Casey Reynolds: "We're spending our nest egg...especially with the oil tax provision we're going to be out of money." Agreed. @KFQD #akleg

‏@bgkeithley:  Then do AK D's agree to limit spending to $5.5 B? @AlaskaDemocrats: "We're spending our nest egg... Agreed." #akleg #akfiscal

‏@AlaskaDemocrats:  @bgkeithley Legislators will make those kind of specific policy decisions. #Alaska Democrats have a good record of fiscal prudence.

@bgkeithley:  "@AlaskaDemocrats have a good record of #AKfiscal prudence." Comedic interlude? AKDs have voted for the same unsustainable budgets as R's.

‏@AlaskaDemocrats:  @bgkeithley Credit where credit is due: The ACES era put billions into savings, and we'd be much worse off today but for that.

@bgkeithley:  #AKfiscal AK is worse for ACES; lower production, lower revenue, higher spending @AlaskaDemocrats: Credit where credit is due: The ACES era.

@AlaskaDemocrats:  @bgkeithley Actually TAPS decline slowed under ACES while # of oil companies, oil jobs, and oil capital investment grew.

@bgkeithley:  @AlaskaDemocrats Silly. Valid comparison is v. what would have happened as oil prices rose; AK lost ground v. industry ave. #AKoil

@AlaskaDemocrats:  @bgkeithley How can you say we lost ground when there was more exploration, more companies conducting exploration, more oil jobs...

‏@AlaskaDemocrats:  @bgkeithley ...and major new areas like Chukchi and CD-5? That's progress, not losing ground. [BGK comment: they apparently forgot the Begich talking points the first time]

‏@bgkeithley:  #AKoil @AlaskaDemocrats All areas had activity, the question is did Alaska hold its own relative to peers. The answer is no, lost ground.

[@Jordan_E_Engel:  I love tweets by @bgkeithley. Nice to see someone on twitter using real, defensible arguments regarding oil tax and spending in Alaska.]

@AlaskaDemocrats:  @bgkeithley CP's latest financials show we remain competitive as measured by profitability, which is the most accurate measure

@bgkeithley:  @AlaskaDemocrats Current profitability reflects past investments. It has nothing to do with competitiveness for new investments #akoil

Tuesday, August 6, 2013

On The Mike Porcaro Show (Paul Jenkins is guest hosting) today at 5:00 pm ...

I will be joining Paul Jenkins this afternoon at 5:00 pm while he sits in as guest host for The Mike Porcaro Show.  We will be discussing the piece I published yesterday on the main blog -- Alaska Oil|  Is the Governor undermining SB 21 ....  

The gist of that piece is this:
"As a result, rather than supporting the achievement of SB 21′s objectives, due to the excessive spending levels he previously has approved and continues to advocate, the Governor currently is headed down a path of undermining them. ... The effort to increase long-term investment in this state is a two-part battle. The first part, modifying the oil tax, is done. But the Governor can’t declare victory at half time and fail to take the field for the second half. The second half — bringing fiscal policy into alignment with long-term investment — is about to begin. The Governor — or someone — needs to suit up and take the field."
Listen in locally at KENI, 650 AM or on the web here.

Sunday, August 4, 2013

Short Takes| Facts, not conjecture ...

Gregg Erickson is an excellent state budget economist with a long Alaska history, who is retiring and moving out of state.  As he approaches retirement he appeared on a panel during the United States Association of Energy Economists convention, held this past week in Anchorage.

Some of his remarks were made into a story in Friday's Alaska Dispatch ("An Alaska-sized conundrum -- filthy-rich but a state falling into a fiscal hole").  The story then was the subject of various tweets Saturday by, among others, Sen. Hollis French.  Sen. French's tweet reads, "Long time AK economist expects SB 21 will grow state budget deficits: bit.ly/13b1pmE #akleg@alaskadispatch".

Senator French's interpretation of the Erickson's comments comes from the following portion of the Dispatch story:
That downturn [in revenues] may come faster now that the Legislature cut oil-production taxes by hundreds of millions of dollars a year, said Erickson. 
Politicians and the oil industry have promulgated the myth that lower taxes will reverse the oil-production decline, Erickson said. But he believes oil production that has fallen for more than 20 years as the state's monster fields -- Prudhoe Bay and Kuparuk – are tapped will continue falling. 
"It's a collective hallucination to believe that reducing the state's oil revenue by 10 percent would somehow reduce decline," he said. 
"I believe in incentives, and taxes do make a difference," but examples around the world show the benefits to Alaska will be very small, he said.
With all due respect, Mr. Erickson's reputation has been built on his analysis of Alaska's budget and fiscal structure.  I have not read, because I have found none, any extended analyses by him of oil economics.

On the other hand, such analyses were introduced during the recent legislative session by economists who do have extensive backgrounds in oil economics.

As I have written previously on these pages, in the latter stages of the consideration of SB 21 before House Finance, EconOne, the oil economists retained by the Administration, provided a series of comparisons (at p. 13-19) of future revenue streams under ACES and SB 21.  These analyses demonstrated that at all long term price levels between $90 and $120/bbl ($2012), SB 21 produced a greater net present value for the state than ACES, even if SB 21 only resulted in a 2% change in the decline curve and all of the incremental production was treated as "new" production, and thus, taxed at a lower rate.

SB 21 still outdistanced ACES even at higher (and unrealistic) long-term price levels, if the change in the decline curve was only an additional 1% higher.

As Mr. Erickson's quote recognizes, "taxes do make a difference," and the empirical evidence demonstrates that even if the resulting change in production levels is "very small," forecasts of the most likely outcomes show that Alaska is better off under SB 21, than under ACES.  Thus, rather than what he did write, to be accurate Senator French should have tweeted, "Under most likely outcomes, SB 21 will reduce state budget deficits."

Of course, as I have written elsewhere, there will still be deficits under SB 21 nonetheless because of the current Governor's ongoing and disastrous spending plans.  See "Alaska Oil Policy| Missing the Point" (Alaska Business Monthly, July 2013) ("The Governor's proposed solution isn't much better").  But, when analyzed in detail and not off the cuff, the economic outcomes under SB 21 are better than under ACES.

Short Takes| Oil industry trends and another reason why Alaska is being left behind ...

This week's Economist carries one of the best, high level analyses of the oil industry that I have read this summer.  Entitled "Supermajordämmerung," the article explains the Economist's reasoning why it believes "[t]he day of the huge integrated international oil company is drawing to a close."

One key fact, incredibly relevant to Alaska but barely on most state policy makers' radar screen is captured by the following:
In the 1950s the seven sisters [the largest private oil companies of the day] controlled some 85% of global reserves. Today over 90% of reserves are under the control of national oil companies (NOCs) which are owned, at least in part, by the governments sitting on the oil in question.
Why has that occurred?  For several reasons, but important among them is the fact that governments have found being directly involved in the industry both produces more wealth and brings a greater focus to the development of the resources they own than completely contracting that role out to third parties, who are focused on pursuing projects that make the most economic sense globally, not necessarily those located in the host government's back yard.

That is not to say that these governments have rushed to the opposite end of the boat and completely displaced private companies from the field.  As we see repeatedly in nations that are just discovering oil and gas reserves, the global best practice today is the development of a government owned entity to partner with, or as I sometimes refer to it elsewhere on these pages, co-invest with, industry in the development of the nation's resources.

That partnering produces benefits for both sides. The government captures what the Economist refers to as the "the technological expertise, project-management skills and global reach of the big international oil companies to produce, refine and sell their oil."  At the same time, done the right way the private side benefits from having the host government as a partner, not an adversary, sharing the same economics and seeing the opportunities and roadblocks in the same way as the companies.

Despite this global trend, however, few policy makers in Alaska recognize the trend or its benefits.  Instead, they remain tied to an outdated, 1950's-era model for the development of government owned resources, arguing that it best preserves "private enterprise," while the very private enterprise it is preserving increasingly focuses its attention -- and investment dollars -- elsewhere, ironically enough, in many instances in regions where the host government has adopted the partnering model.

Finally, before his supporters claim it to be the case, this also is not the model that Bill Walker has in the past, and in his latest incarnation as an "independent," continues to pursue.  What Walker argues for is that the state should become involved in the midstream phase of the business -- owning the pipeline.  

He has not in the past -- and does not now -- argue that the state also should co-invest in the upstream end of the business, where most of the money, and more importantly, the development decisions, are made. Instead, there he argues simply that the state should become a super-regulator, attempting to force the oil companies by lawsuit and regulation to do what is "in Alaska's interest."  Walker has, and continues, to miss the central point by miles.

There are additional reasons why Alaska is being left behind by the oil industry, but in my view this is one of the important ones.  At the rate we are going -- especially at the rate we are spending what wealth we are receiving from the state's resources -- it won't be long before the Economist leads with a story entitled "Alaskadämmerung."

Friday, August 2, 2013

Short Takes| Getting down to where the rubber meets the road ...

Yesterday afternoon, Alaska House Education Committee Chair Lynn Gattis announced the Speaker’s appointees to the House Sustainable Education Task Force. The task force was created by passage of House Resolution 8 during the 2013 regular legislative session.

The Task Force is Co-Chaired by Rep. Gattis, R-Wasilla, and Rep. Tammie Wilson, R-North Pole/Fairbanks, Chair of the House Finance Subcommittee on Education & Early Development. Filling the slots created by HR 8, members include Rep. Charisse Millett, Co-Chair House Energy Committee, Andy Baker, NANA member, Jerry Covey and David Nees, Educators, and Andrew Halcro and ... me, Business persons.

As outlined in HR 8, the purpose of the Task Force is, among other things, is to examine "the efficiency and effectiveness of public education delivery in the state, including (1) the ability of the state's public schools to prepare students for various rewarding careers; and (2) all aspects of public education funding in the state."

I applied to serve on the Task Force because it is a key place where the rubber is going to meet the road on state budget issues.  As the readers of these pages will know I have written and spoken extensively over the last few years on state fiscal policy.  My concern, shared by an increasing number, is that the state is heading toward a serious fiscal crisis, brought about by unsustainable state spending levels.  As a report earlier this year by the University of Alaska-Anchorage Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER) put it, "[r]easonable assumptions about potential new revenue sources suggest we do not have enough cash in reserves to avoid a severe fiscal crunch soon after 2023, and with that fiscal crisis will come an economic crash."

The solution to that challenge is to reduce state spending, now, to sustainable levels.  As the ISER report explains, "What can the state do to avoid a major fiscal and economic crisis? The answer is to save more and restrict the rate of spending growth.  All revenues above the sustainable spending level of $5.5 billion ...would be channeled into savings."  Similar to an individual's 401(k), the savings in turn would create an investment "nest egg" from which revenue can be drawn in future years to sustain state spending when oil revenues are no longer able to do so. 

Education spending currently is the largest consumer of General Fund monies in the state Operating Budget and, even though spending on health and social services is growing at a faster rate, when combined with the University budget education spending will remain so through the end of this decade.  The size and rate of growth in education spending over the last few years has been one of the largest factors contributing to the increase of overall General Fund spending to record and unsustainable levels.  If the state is going to avoid the "economic crash" forecast by ISER, state education spending levels not only have to be stabilized, they have to be reduced.  

Literally, we are at the point where today's spending levels are robbing the state of the ability to pay for even basic education services for tomorrow's generations.

I view this Task Force as being a critical component of the efforts to address the state's fiscal crisis and look forward to participating in its efforts.  We will keep readers updated on its progress on these pages and elsewhere.